Computing-machine.



H. H. SXBOTHER.

COMPUTING MAHINE.'

APPLICATION mm APR. 14,'19is.

Patented Feb. 6, 191'?.

9 SHEETS-SHEET i.

N NT R. H. STROTHER.

COMPUTING MACHlNE.

APPLxcATloN man APR. 14. 191e.

Patented Feb. 6,1917.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 2- INVENTUR JM #4m WWNEEEEE M2M N VHIE ATTUHNEY` R. H.STROTHER.

COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APII. I4. Isls.

1,214,608. Patented Feb. 6,1917.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 3- WITNEEEIE INvENmR HIE ATTIJRNEY R. H. ST-ROTHER.

COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION man APR.14.1915.

Patented Feb. 6, 1917.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

WITNEEEEE HIE ATTDRNEY R. H. STROTHER.

COMPUTING MACHINE.

,WPHC/111011 FILED AP11.14. 191e.

1,214,608. Patented 111,116,191?.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

W1TNE55E5 INMENTDH M. M #2M Mm H15 ATTURNEY R'. H. STROTHER.

COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLlc/Tlon man APR. 14. 191s.

Patented Feb. 6, 1917.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

mi MS NvENTnR WlTN 55555 R. H. STROTHER.

COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATloN FILED APR.14.1916.

Patented Feb. 6,1917.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 7 INVENTUR MJ/.4

WITNEEEEE m .fg/M

@WiL/M HIEATTURNEY R'. H. STROTHER.

COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APA.14 191s.

Patented Feb. 6,1917.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 8 iNvENTn H 2H-w4- JdzzM H15 ATTE RN EY WITN 55555 R. H.STROTHER.

COMPUTING MACHlNE.

APPLlcmou .man mi. 14. 191s.

INvENm R HIS ATTURNEY Patented Feb. 6,1917.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 9 5 E 5 5 E N H W improvements UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE.

ROBERT H. STROTHER, 0F MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO REMINGTONTYPE- WRITER COMPANY, OF ILION, NEW YORK. A CORPORATION 0F NEW YORK.

COMPUTING-MACHIN E.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 6, 1917.

To ali whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Ronmrr Il. S'rno'riimi, citizen of the UnitedStates, and resident of Montclair, in the count-y of Essex and State ofNew Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inComputing-Machines, of which the following is a specification. j

My invention relates to computing ma chines and it has for its principalobject to provide an improved multiplying machine; that is to say, toprovide improved means for finding the product of two numbers. Themeans'referred to includes mechanism working on principles which, as faras I am aware, are entirely new in machines of-the class to which thisone belongs.

My invention also contemplates certain in calculating machines, whichimprovements are not necessarily limited in their application tomachines designed for multiplication.

My invention consists in certain combinations and arrangements ofdevices and in certain features of construction, all of which will befully set forth herein and particularly pointed out in the claims.

@ne machine having my invention einbodied therein, is illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is left-hand side elevation.Fig. 2 is a left-hand side elevation of one of the denominationalsections comprised in said machine and few associated parts. Fig. 3 is avic1 working parts of Fig. it, said parte shown the act of regis teringthe @duct of times 3; Fig. i is an elevation, with :the parts in normalposition, of a portion the working mechanism of one of 'the dene ationaisections, 'this view hein-ff lar fraininatic in character. 1. 3N Q .s

l* ig. o s a i or table to illustrate the aritlnnetical ciples inaccordance with which the oosition, that is to say, in ecupies for thepurpose of Fig. 8 is a similar ear shifted over to set g. an enlargedtop atie in character, of the ting u view but showing th u the multiplplan view, di: transmitting L' l v "T" eration taeiei ii i of themachine wit 10 is a top plan view 0. g. li parts sectioned or A. .Y Y. vand tne raclis lor coopbroken away and some parts representen onlydiagrammatically. Fig. 11 is an enlarged isometric view of a certainpinion included 1n the register. Fig. 12 is an enlarged view in verticalfore and aft section through the register. Fig. 13 is an enlarged planview of the carriage escapement. Fig. 14 is an enlarged plan view of theregister, the carriage and associatedv devices, with the cover platoremoved and with some other parts removed for the sake of clearness ofillust `ation. Fig. 15 is a right-hand side elevation of the machine,with some parts broken away.

The principles of the construction and operation of the machine, growout of the mathematical principle that the product of two factors is afunction of the sum and the difference of those factors, and on anothermathematical principlewhich will be eX* plaine-d hereinafter.

For the purposes of this case, the mathematical principles involved arecapable of expression in various ways, one of which will be understoodby reference to Fig. 5 of the drawing. ln said Fig. 5, the firstvertical column, headed with the letter S, contains the sums of twofactors up to and including 1S, 9 times 9 being the largest product withwhich it is necessary to deal in multiplying numbers expressed in thedeci mal system. The second vertical column, headed with the letter 1),contains the differences of said factors. The third vertical columncontains the pairs of factors whose product is to loe obtained.

ln the central part of the diagram the integers from zero to Q5inclusive are represented by vertical lines and it will he noted thatcertain of these Alines have been made heavier than the rest and thenumerical values of these heavjsY lines are indicated at the upper endsthereof in a series of numbers H077 C1777 237. (G (6G77, (97, l2, MiG???2G77 and 2.5. T he numbers just given, namely, l, 2', l, etc., l shallhereinafter, refer to as the significant"7 or principal products. Thesenumbers may be described as being the series of squares and of numbersobtained by multiplying together two consecutive whole numbers. In otherwords, this series of principal products may be said to consist of theproducts of 0 times Gg. 0 times 1; 1 times l; 1 times 2; 2 times 2 times3 times 3; 3 times 4; i. times 4;. 4 times and times 5. This series canhe continued indefinitely but the part of it given is the only part usedin the present machine. lhe products ot any two Whole nuinheis from 0times 0 to 9 times 9 inclusive7 he readilyT expressed in terms of theseten principal products. The top line ot numbers in the diagram ot Fig.5, namely the numbers 2? 3, a? 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and l0, represent sums ordifferences of two factors. ot' these numbers is equal to the suin otthe two factors Vabove used to obtain the Lprincipal product justbeneath it in the second line. For example, the number T in. the iirstline is the sum of 3 and i Whoseproduct, lf2, occurs just beneath thisnumbei' WK. l shall hereinafter find it convenient to reiter to thenumber l2 as the principal product corresponding to a sunior ditterenceet 7, the number 16 as the principal product corresponding to a sum ordifference et 8., and so ou. y

ror example, the factors are 2 and 7 then their sure is 9 andtheirditlerence is 5 and their product is equal to the principal productcorresponding to 9 minus the principal. product corresponding' to 5;that is to say it is equal to 20 minus G, or 14. ln generah the productot any two factors is equal 'to the principal product corresponding tothe suur et the factors minus the principal 'Y product corresliondiug tothe diiierence between said factors. Fllhis law is true generally but itis shown in detail in 5 only t'or products et factors Whose sum is 10 orn the diagram the produc" oit the l i fessi los L several pairs otfactors are indicated by h eayy horizontal lines. llt will be noted thatall ot these begin and end in the heavy yertical lines repressntlngguthe so-called princiiultiplying machine can he built based e lau' abovegiven, but in such a ma chine capable et handling the products ot di ftsup and including 9 times 9, the principal products would includeniuubers up to @l t f 0,. and the larger or these numbers would beinconvenient to handle mechanically. ln the present machine 2:3 .is thelargest principal product handled and this is road-e possible by asecond aritlunetical law or principle which will be perceiyed hy a studyot the lower part oli llig. 5.

lt will be seen that the diagram ot horial and Vertical lines in thelower part 5 is inercly a reversal of 'that ot the eA part ot saidtigureE hut that an additional column ot figures has been added at tueriant ot the diagran, Jrillh +90 'l etc. ily a little stu ufiil heperceived actors Those sum is fr' is e pending products Wh t the formeroductf l" of this the proc saine as the ,Y the sure @l il is be thoseproducts where the sum ot the factors is 13 exceed by 30 those productsWhere t e sum of the 'factors is 7; that products Where the sum is M canbe obtained troni the prod ucts Where the sum is G by adding Ll0; thathe products Where the sum is l5 exceed hy 5G the products where the sumis those Where the sum is lo exceed by 6G those Tthere the sum is 4;;those Where the sum is l? ei;- ceed by 70 those Where the suln is 3; andthose Where the sum is i8 exceed by 80 those Where the sum is 2. linshort7 the products Where the sum exceeds l0 can be obtained trein theproducts where the sum is less than it) by adding/on the tens wheel ofthe register an amount equal to the excess of the sum over l0. llycorresponding products in this paragraph, l rnean the products et tactors haviug'the same difference; or other- Wise expressed., l mean theproducts oit the complements ot the original factors. llt' the originalfactors are 9 and their sum is l5 and their complements are l and d, andtheir product is l0 times 5 plus l times 4t. l

lt may possibly be that a more strictly mathematical expression oitthese principles would be preterableyat least to some persons. The tirstot these principles may he thus expressed z-the product ot any twotactors Vis equal to one-quarter ot the square of 't ifill he noted thatthe squares et all evcuwnunibers exactly divisible by dand that squaresot all odd numbers are diyisibie uy t with a remainder ot l. lt 'willalso be noted that Where the stun et two nunihers 's eren their ence isalso cyen and that Where the suni et two numbers is their dii-terence isalso odd. lt thus happens in the application ot this torinula one fourthof the square ot the sure oit the two factors and one fourth et sqrt etthe ditiierence ct the two factors eoth 'whole unir" c in euery caseWhere sum and dit crence are eyeiu. and each is a whole nuinh plus thetraction if in every instance where said sum and difference are odd. levent the resid rei ainder is a 1Whole number. Thus times 5 l; of tl esquare ot 'Y' minus l; ol the square at is to say9 is minus 2i. lt

will be seen that the series of rincipal products is really two s :iesaniination ot 5 this tact rent. lwhus those lira which representproducts with perfect squares, i, ft, u

et squares7 ses ciple, the fractions 1; can all be neglected because inevery instance where these fractions occur they occur both in thesubtrahend and also in the minuend, and they disappear in the remainder,one of said fractions canceling the other. With this amendment, namely,by omitting the fraction l, the table given by the mathematical formulabecomes identical with the empirical table given in Fig. 5.

It will be perceived that in thus ignoring the fraction il the entiretable where the sums and differences are odd, has been offset, as itwere, by with relation to the table where the sums and differences areeven. It will also be readily perceived that either or both of thesetables can be thus off-set without making any difference in the result.This is for the reason that the final result consists in the differencebetween two terms of the series, and the same number can be added to allthe terms of the series without changing these differences. When,therefore, in the claims I speak of principal products I'do not mean tobe limited to the numbers actually given in this theoreti caldiscussion, but any series of numbers, the terms of which differ inaccordance with the law above outlined, would answer the purpose as welland would be included within my definition of the term principalproducts.

The second principle may bev worked out mathematically, as follows Let cz the amount by which the sum of the factors exceeds 10.

Then

a+b==10+c EHI@ l 2 2 2 (ae) =\10+c) ==(10 c) +106 it is obvious from itsform that the ex pression atm 4 4 is the product of two factors, said:factors being i-c Q-b md 10-0 ab 2 2 2 On adding these two factorstogether their sum is seen to be 'i f\ iii-C econd from the first,

and, on subtracting` their difference is the factors exceeds 10 by cthen the product is equal to the corresponding product of two factorswhose sum is less by c than 10, plus 10c, which is another way of sayingwhat has been said above and what is indicated in Fig, 5.

That the two factors last mentioned are the complements, respectively,of a and b, will be made apparent by substituting for c in said factorsas above written, the expression a-l-b-lO.

If this substitution be made, said factors reduce to 10-a and l0-brespectively.

It may be worth while to remark that this principle, in its broadeststatement, is not confined to the number 10, but is true of othernumbers also. I have here used the number 10 because that lnumber is thebase of the decimal system of notation. To multi- Ely dozens, gross,etc., the number 12 could e used instead; and 100, 1,000, etc., can alsobe used. It should also be remarked that the principle of adding in theneXt higher order the amount by which the sum of the factors exceeds thebase of the system of notation, is independent of any particular processemployed to find the product of factors whose sum is less than saidbase.

The arithmetical principles above outlined are capable of mechanicalexpression or of embodiment in mechanism in a large variety of forms,some of which differ widely in details from other of said forms. In thepresent case I have selected one such form of mechanism, in order toillustrate the invention, but it will be understood that said inventionis capable of embodiment in many other forms.

The invention, in the form selected for illustration, includes devicesof some character which can be set in accordance with the sum and thedifference of two factors, and which when so set select or predeterminethe action of a register in accordance with one of the hereinbeforementioned principal products selected in accordance with the sum of thedigits, and with another of said principal roducts selected inaccordancel with the di erence of the digits. These adjustable devicesin the present instance consist of stops or actuating lugs, but they mayin other instances consist of electrical contacts or of ports in acontrolling pneumatic mechanism, or they may consist in other devices;and any suitable means can be provided for adding in the denomination ofnext higher order an amount equal to the ex cess over l0 of any of thesums of the factors. Moreover, the sums element or the dif ferenceselement can be stationary and the part on which is worked out the tableof principal products, can be made adjustable with relation to saidstationary element.

rlihe present machine includes a series ot' denominational sections,each ot which contains all ot the mechanism necessary tor nding theproduct of one digit by another, and said sections are capable oi'cooperation. it. machine can be built containing only one section andcapable of multiplying together any two numbers, provided themultiplicand contains only one digit; or as many sections can beemployed as desired and the machine Will bev capable ol' handling amultiplicand having a number oli digits equal to the number of sectionsemployed. rFhis being the case l have deemed it sufficient in thepresent instance to show only three sections, these being shown in Fig.Where each of them is designated by the reference character 100. 'lhesesections are mounted at their iront and rear ends in transverse tramepieces 101 and 102, which trame pieces are secured to side trames 103and 1011. 1n said Fig. 10 the sections appear merely as comparativelythin plates and it is deemed. impracticable to illustrate any details insuch a vievv; the sections therefore have been merely outlined and inplaces broken avvay or ignored entirely in order to show mechanism whichotherwise would be hidden, in this vievv. Each oli these sections isconstructed as illustrated in Figs. 2, 3 and fl. Thelirst of saidligures is a complete side view of a's'ection Whereas in Figs. 3 and l acertain stationary plate has been removed, vvholly in Fig. a and nearlyso in Fig. 3. rlhis section is made in three layers or strata or, as itis sometimes expressed in mechanical descriptions, in three planes.

The middle stratum or plane includes hidden in Fig. 2 and part ot it isbroken away in Fig. L1. 'lhe second piecel included in this stratum orplane is the curved arm and segmental raclrlOd which is pivoted at 107to the stationary plate 105. The pivotal portion ot the arm 106 lies onthe side or the'plate 105 nearest the observer in Fig. l and said plateis bent or ott-set at 108, as indicated by shade lines, so as to bringthe main part ot the arm and the rack-toothed end thereot into the sameplane as the plate 105. The third element that occupies this middleplane or stratum is the actuator 110 which is olii-set at 111 and hasits pivoted end lying against the side of the plate' 105 away trom theobserver in 1, and which is pivoted on the same pivot 107 as the arm100. This actuator 110 has a rearwardly extending arm 112 by means ol?`Twhich the actuator is driven. rlhe 'plate 110 has toothed rack 113secured to the proai mate face thereof so that said rack lies in theplane toward the observer instead ot in the middle plane. 1t will benoted from the diagram in Fig. 5 that the largest number that it is evernecessary to add at one time, is twenty-tive and the rack 106 hastherefore a number of teeth capable of adding numbers up to andincluding twenty-ve, such adding being done through the instrumentalityot' a pinion 1141 which stands normally a little above the end oit saidraclr.

1n the plane or stratum next the observer there is included a stationaryplate 115, the principal functions of which arethose ot guiding certainparts and ot stiffening the section. rl`he outline of this plate is'shown in full in Fig. 2. lt will be seen that at the lett-hand part otsaid iigure said plate lies over the arms 106 and 110 so as to guidesaid arms and at the right-hand end oiE said figure it overlies therack-toothed end or' the part and guides said end with precision. lnthis plane there is also included a segment which is pivoted at 117 tothe arm 106. At its lower lett-hand part said sement is formed into asegmental rack 11S and at its upper part it has secured thereto byscrews 119 another rack 120.

rllhrough certain mechanism to be presently described this segment 110is turned toward the right in Fig. 2 a number of tooth-spaces ot therack 118 equal to the number representing the multiplicand and afterwardthis segment is moved in the same direction a distance appropriate tothe multiplier. For example, it the product was 5 times 3 the rack 118would be moved live teeth in settingl Lup multiplicand and afterward itWould-be moved three teeth in setting up the multiplier. This segmentwould there- .tore be moved toward the right a distance equal to eightteeth in this example, and generally stated, it is moved a distanceappropriate to the sum of the two factors.

l therefore sometimes call this part the sums segment.

The raclr 120 is so arranged. that when the segment 110 has been movedten teeth said rack is just coming into position Where it is ready toturn a inion 11a. lf the sum ot the factors eircee s ten the rack 120will turn such pinion 1111- a number et teeth equal to the amount bywhich the sum or the tactors exceeds ten. lf the rack 120 turns the samepinion 11d as the rack 106 of the same The relation of the severalpinions 114 to one another and to the several racks 106 and 120, isillustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 9 which is a plan view and in whichthe right-hand side of the figure is the front of the machine. Thenarrow pinion 114 at the top ot' this ligure, represents units, and therack 106 of the units section is in position to engage this pinion. Thenext pinion 114ZL represents tens and is in position to be engaged bythe rack 120 of the units section. The next pinion 114 is also of the`tens denomination, and is arranged to be engaged by the rack 106 of thetens section. The next pinion 114a is a hundreds pinion and it is inposition to be engaged by the rack 120 of the tens section, and it iscontiguous to the pinion 114 of hundreds denomination, which isarranged. to be engaged by the rack 106 of the hundreds section. Thelast pinion 114 is the thousands pinion and that is in position to beengaged by the rack 120 of the hundreds section. It will be perceivedthat the machine contains pinions for one more denomination than thereare sections 100. In all of said denominations except the highest andthe lowest, the racks 120 engage separate pinions 114, and means areprovided whereby, during the time when the multiplier is being set up,each pinion 114a is coupled to the pinion 114 of like denomination, sothat said pinions turn together' as one; Whereas, during the time whenthe racks 106'are being operated, the pinions 114 are uncoupled from thepinions 1142*, so that the former can turn independently of the latter.rl`his is because it may sometimes happen that,

when a pinion 114 should be turned by its rack 106, the pinion 1145"'Iof like denomination might be engaged by' its rack 120. This contingencycan be provided for in various other ways than the one shown in thepres-V ent case. The said coupling and uncoupling means will bedescribed hereinafter. These pinions 114 and 114a are shown in the planView, Fig. 10, butthe cooperating mechanism is not so fully representedin this view.

The plane nearest the observer' in F ig. 2 also includes a pawl 121pivoted at 122 to the arm 106 and having its 'ree end in position toengage between two of the teeth of the rack 118 as shown inFig. 3 butnormally out of engagement as shown in Fig. 2. There yis also includedin this plane a dog or lever 123 pivoted to the arm 106 at 124 andconnected with the pawl 121 by a contractile spring 125 which springnormally holds the two pawls in the position shown in Fig. rlhe dog 128has a tooth 126 adapted for cooperation with the notches in the rack 113which notches are spaced apart in accordance with the f principalproducts i hereinbelore referred to. The iowermost notch in the rackcorresponds to aero; the

next notch to 1; the next to 2 4; "'6; 9 etc. as has been explained, thenumbers in'this instance referring to teeth ot' the rack 106; that is tosay, the angular distance from the lowermost notch in the rack 113 tothe one next above it, is equal to the angular distance between twoteeth of the rack 106.

The dog 123 has an arm extending nearly in the opposite direction fromthat which carries the tooth 126 and said arm ends in a tooth 127 whichnormally rests in a notch 128- in the stationary plate 115.

Immediately succeeding this notch 128 said plate is formed with an edge130 which edge is in the arc of a circle concentric with the pivot 10T.The tooth 126 normally' rests on an edge 131 of the rack 113. The mainpart of this rack is concentric with the pivot 107 but this edge 131projects slightly farther from the center so that when the parts are inthe normal position shown in F ig. 2 said edge acting on the tooth 126holds the tooth 127 forcibly or positively inthe notch 128. By thismeans the arm 106 is normally held locked in the position shown in Fig-2but the construction is such that if the actuator 110 be first moved tosuch a position that one of the notches of the rack 113 is in registerkwith the tooth 126, then upon the exertion of any force tend ing tohave that effect, the arm 106 can move upward. As soon as said arm doesmove upward the tooth 127 moving out of the notch 128 on to theconcentric surface 130, will torce the tooth 126 into the said regis4-tering notch of the rack 113 and said tooth will continue positivelyengaged with said notch as shown Ain Fig. 3 vuntil in the ree turnstroke of the parts the tooth 127 again enters the notch. 128 when thetooth 126 will be withdrawn from the notch in the rack 113. lt will beperceived, therefore, that when the parts are in some such posh tion asis illustrated in Fig. the dog 123 positively locks the arm 106 and theactuator 110 together so that for the time being these two parts areincapable ot relative motion, but both can turn together about the pivot107.

The dog 123 has an arm 132 which cngagcs an arm 133 on the dog 121 insuch wise that when the dog 123 is torcel to the locking position shownin Fig. il the dog l21 is by said arms 132 and 133 forced intoengagement with the rack 118, thereby locking said rack in the positionto which it has been set by the setting up of the multijlicand and themultiplier.

ln the plane or stratum away from the obf server in Fig. 2 the principalworking part is the differences segment 135 `which is pivoted at 136.Figs. 3 and 4. to a tongue i3? ot the main stationary plate 10.3. Thi. io ment includes an arm 13S having Sti ti iii ing therefrom toward theobserver in 3 a pin le() which pin constitutes the ditte vences stop torarrestingthe actuator 11() as shown in Fig. 3. 'll he segment 135includes an internally toothed rack 14:1 which.. as shown in Fig. Q, isnot verjyv tar removed from the rack 118 of the sums segment 11Gv hutthe two racks are in ditl'erent planes or strata separated from eachother by the, iniddle stratum of the section. lln this stratum thereareE or may be, also included stationary guiding and stittening plates139 (lfig. 15).

lhe diierences segment 135 is moved in one direction to set up themultiplicand and in the opposite direction to set up the multiplier.rll`he final position ot said segment will therefore accord with thedifference between the inultiplicaud and the multiplier.. As shown inthe present instance the said segment is so operated as to move the pin14,0 toward the lett in Fig. 3 in order to set up the multiplicand andtoward the right in order to set up the multiplier. lt will be perceivedthat the nal position ot' this pin will be at the right-hand side oi itsnormal position it the multiplier exceeds the multiplicand and will beat the lett-hand side thereof it the multiplicand exceeds theniultiplier. lt will also loe perceived that the two segments are movedin the same direction to set up one of the factors and in the oppositedirection to set up the other factor. ln the present instance the twosegments are moved in opposite directions to set up the multiplicand andare then moved in the same direction to-set up the multiplier. ln Fig.3L7 in which the machine is shown in the act of finding the product ot amultiplicand equal to 5 bv a multiplier equal to il. the seg nient 11Ghas been moved `eight spaces toward the right and the segment 135 standstwo spaces vto the lett ot its normal position. ln the case of thesegment 116 these spaces are 'tooth-spaces o'j the rack 11S and in thecase ot' the segment 1255 the)v are tootlrspaces ot' the rack 141.

'l` he sums segment carries two pins or lungs 1+i-2 and l-lizl. eacholi' which projects into the plane of the actuator 110. rlhese two pinsare at the same distance trom the pivot 11T oi said segment and they arespaced apart angularlj.' a distance equal or corresponding to twenty7teeth ot the racli i118.

llhe actuator lilo has a forni that will be liest understood tromlilla'. l where it will be seen that at or near its tree end is'toi-ined with two series ot teeth or steps and 145. lin the presentinstance said actuator is formed with two lingers constituting.; irl;and the teeth or steps 1li,- are on the inner edjge of: he right-handlimb ot' tort; and tl i or steps rl-5 are on the inner of, c lett-handlimb or said torti. conipai 'ely .fight change in the design or themechanism would result in the aya-ienne actuator.. or the correspondingpart ot another machine made in accordance with this general invention,having' the `general torni o1 a triangle' with the teeth 1li-l. on theletthand slope ot said triangle and the teeth llo on the rightliandslope thereof. lin 'that case the part corresponding with the segment11G, in other words, the sums segment, would have onlyv one stop pin andthe difterences segment would have two stop pins. ln some otherembodiment ot the invention these teeth would be replaced with devicesot' some other torni. ln each instance, however, these devices representthe series ot' principal products" hereinbetore referred to, and thepart ha vingthe series of principal products worked out on it, lsometimes call the Ltable of principal products. ln the presentinstance7 the actuator 110 constitutes the table ot principal products.lln Fig. l the parts are indicated in normal position and it will beobserved that the stops 1l() and 142 are near together and situatedabout on the same arc llo concentric with the pivot T. rlfhis arc, whenpro longed downward., passes through the center the lowerinost step 1t?which joins the two series oi steps or teeth 14A- and 1&5. lt will'benoted that this lowermost step 145i' is ot a. width in a right andleft-hand direction about equal to three times the width ot any one otthe steps liland lil-5, 'l`he construction is such that it the actuator110 be moved upward without any preliminary setting of the parts, thenthe middle part ot the step 1i? would strike the pin il? and press saidpin upward against the stop 1&0. llt will be recalled that the pin 1&9;is mounted on the segment 11G which in turn is mounted on the segment orarm 10G, while the pin 1l() is mounted on the segment 135 which ispivoted at 136 to a fixed part ot the machine.V Consequently ir" theactuator 110 be operated without any preliminary setting ot the segmentsthe rack 106 will not be moved.

lt now the two segments be operated one space the pin la@ will be movedone spaceto the right from its normal position shown in Fig. el and thepin 1420 will be moved one space to the lei-'t from such position.'llhis is the operation ot setting up a multiplicand equal to l 1. 1t'now the actuator 110 be operated without setting; up anjiT multiplierthe pin lei-2 will be struclr by the step 14:7 near the right hand endot said step and will be lifted carryingh withit the raclt 10G until theactuator 110 is arrested by the pin 1t@ intercepting the lett-hand end'of said lower most step le?. This operation will reise the racl; 105just enough take up the lost mo tion between the racl; 106 and thepinion .i llmt not enough to turn said pinion. .er similar 'thing willhappen it anyY other multiplicand be, set up Without setting np anniyone tooth of said rack.

multiplier. Thus it' a multiplicand of 5 be set up the pin 142 will bemoved five spaces to the right and the pin 140 will be moved five spacesto the left. If now the actuator 110 be operated the pin 142 will becaught up by the fourth step 144 from the bottoni and will be moveduntil the actuator is arrested by the pin 140 intercepting the fourthone of the steps 145. This will again move the rack 106 only to theextent required to take up the lost motion between the said rack and thepinion 114 but will not turn said pinion. If, however, after setting upthe multiplicand of 5 in the manner just indicated a multiplier be setup, then the pinion 114 will be turned by the operation of the actuator110. If, for example, the multiplier be 3 then both segments will bemoved three spaces toward the right,v bringing the pin 142 to the eighthspace to the right of its normal position and bringing the pin 140 backfrom the fifth space to the left'of its normal position to the secondspace to the left of said normal position. IVhen the actuator 110 is nowoperated, the pin 142 will be caught by the seventh tooth or step 144and will be moved until the actuator 110 shall have been arrested by thefirst one of the teeth 145 as shown in Fig. 3. Said seventh tooth 144,corresponding to a sum of 8, has an elevation corresponding to sixteenteeth of the rack 106; and the first step 145, corresponding to adifference of 2, has an elevation of The tooth 144 has a capacity formoving the rack 106 a distance: of sixteen teeth but the actuator 110 isarrested one tooth in advance of the extreme excursion of said actuatorso that the actual motion of the rack 106 is fifteen teeth. In case amultiplier is set up in any section without a multiplicand having beenpreviously set up, the pins 140 and 142 will both be moved the samedistance toward lthe right, and the one will stand directly over theother, so that, when the actuator 110 is ,operated nothing will beregistered.

The layout of the toothed end of the actuator in Fig. 4 will beunderstood from the broken lines 148. These are arcs drawn from a seriesof centers 150 which centers are spaced apart distances corresponding tothe principal products when said prod ucts are expressed in terms ofteeth of the rack 106. These arcs have been prolonged so as to reachthrough said teeth in order to make this relationship clearer. Itwill-be noted that the uppermost one of the centers 150 is shown on thedrawing as being slightly below the center et' the pivot 117. Thedistance between vthese two centers represents the lost motion betweenthe actu- ,ato-D 110 andL the pin 142. The uppermost one of the arcs 148has been prolonged toward the left in order to show the amount of thislost motion. It will be seen that said arc passes about the samedistance below the pin 142 as the center of said arc is below the centerof the pivot 117. It will also be noted that in the normal position of'the parts the pivot 117 is not quite on a straight line between thepivot 136 and the pins 140 and 142. This pivot would, however, be nearlyon such line by the time the rack 106 had moved far enough to take upthe lost motion between it and the pinion114.

In the instances so far given of the use of this mechanism, the sum ofthe factors has been less than 10. When the sum of' the factors is equalto 10 the pin 142 will stand above the topmost one of the steps 144. Incase the Vfactors were 5 and the pin 140 would have moved first fivespaces toward the left and then five spaces toward the right so thatthis pin would have returned to its normal position shown in Fig. 4. Ifthen the actuator 11.0 be operated said actuator would have freedom tomove through its entire excursion and as the pin 142 would be lifted bythe highest step 144 the wheel 114 would be turned twenty-five spaces.It on the other hand, the factors were 4 and 6 then the pin 142 would bein the same position but the pin 140 would be two spaces to the left ortwo spaces to the right of its normal position, depending on whether the6 or the 4 was first set up. lVhen the actuator 110 was operated saidactuator would be arrested one space short of its full excursion by thepin 140 intercepting the first or lowermost tooth 145 if 6 was themultiplicand or by the lowermost tooth 144 if 4 was the multiplicand. Ineither event'the wheel 114 would be turned twenty-four spaces or teeth.

In case the sum of the digits exceeds 10 then, as has been explained,the excess over and abdve 10 will be registered on the next higher wheel114 by the rack 120.' In this case, moreover, the pin 142 will havepassed to the right 01": the topmost step of the series 144 and will,therefore, have become inoperative. It is at this time that the pin 143comes into operation7 this pin standing over the highest vone of thesteps 145 when the sum of the factors is 11. This step has the sameeffective height as the next to the highest one of the steps 144 so thatwith the pin 143 standing over this step for a sum equal to 11 theoperation of the rack 106 will be the same as it the pin 142 had stoodover the next to the highest step 144, which last mentioned positioncorresponds to a. sum equal to 9. It will thus be seen that theoperation of the rack 106 is the same when the sum of the digits isequal to 11 as when the sum of the digits is equal to 9. Vhen the sum ofthe digits is equal to 12 the pin 143 on the segment 116 will stand ofthe pinions with relation to the racks being that indicated in Fig. 7which is an enlarged plan view in horizontal section of this part of themechanism. The gearing can be shifted toward the left, that is to say,toward the bottom of the page inFig. 7, to the position shown in Fig. 8where the pinion 151, While remaining in mesh with the rack 118, ismoved out of mesh with the rack 141 and the gear 152, continuing in meshwith the pinion 151, is moved into mesh with the rack 141. If now saidpinion be turned the racks 118 and 141 will be moved in the samedirection instead of in opposite directions. This is the posi-y ltion towhich the parts are shifted for the purpose of setting up themultiplier.l The mounting of this change gear mechanism-is perhaps bestshown in Fig. 10 where the upper portions of the sections 100 have beenbroken away or ignored inforder to show this mechanism, most of which itwill be understood, would be hidden in a regular plan view in which allof the parts were shown. A shaft 153 is mounted at its ends in the sideplates 103 and 104 with freedom to slide endwise a distance limited bytwo collars 154 and 155 'mounted onr said shaft. e and adapted to bearrested respectively by 160Fig. 3. Each of these arms 158 surrounds theshaft 153 to which it is secured was by a pin 161 (Fig. 7). The pinions151 Iare mounted on the shaft 153 andlocated between the hubs of thearms 158 or are prevented in any other suitable way from endwise motionrelative to said shaft. The con-` struction is such that when the shaftis in its normal position shown in Fig. 10 all of the gears 152 are outof mesh with the racks 141 and all of the pinions 151 are in vmesh bothwith said racks 141 and also with, the racks 118; and when theshaft 153is. moved to position for setting up a multiplier then the pinions 151are all out of mesh with the racks 141 and the pinions 152 are all inmesh with said racks.

The pinions' 151 and gears 152 can be turned for the purpose of settingupf the militiplicand and the multiplier by any suitn able means. 1n thepresent instance have preferred to show extremely simple mechas nism forthis purpose, which mechanism can in practice not only be varied butalso it can be elaborated to make it more convenient in use. As hereshown, I have provided three segmental racks 162, Figs. 1 and 10, eachof said rack-s meshing with. one of the pinions 151 and all of saidracks pivoted on a cross rod 163 mounted at its ends in the frame pieces103 and 104. These racks can be actuated in any suitable way but as hereshown each of them has a long handle or lever arm 164 projectingtherefrom toward the front of, the machine, 'Figs.'1, 6 and 10, and neartheir forward ends each of said arms passes through a vertical slot 165in a plate 166 and each of said arms has a tooth 167 for engagement in aseries of notches 168 formed at one side of each of theslots 165. Theconstruction is such that if any one of'thcse arms'be moved downward inits slot it Will spring to the left in Fig. 6 causing the tooth 167(Fig. 1) to become positively engaged in one of the lnotches 168, eachof these notches corresponding to one of the digits from 0 to 9,inclusive. It is in this way that the multiplicand is set up. Thus ifthe multiplicand is 895 the left hand arm 164 will be moved downwardeight spaces, the middle one nine spaces and the right-hand one fivespaces, thus setting up 8 as the multiplicand in the left-hand section100; @9 in the middle section; and 5 in the right-hand or units section.

The plate 166 is mounted on two long arms 170 which at their rear endsare rigidly mounted on the rod 163, the arms or segments 162 beingspaced apart on said rod by collars 171. The construction is such thatafter the multiplicand has kbeen set up all of the arms 164 can be moveddown together by moving downward the plate 166 and its supporting arms170, rocking' the rod or shaft 163. To this end one of the arms 176 isprolonged into a handle 172 and on said handle at 173 there is pivoted alatch 174 which is held by a compression spring 175 into engagement witha seriesof ten notches 176 formed in the edge of a scale plate 177secured by screws 178, Fig. 1, to the frame piece 103.

In order to shift the rod 153 before operating the handle 17 2 to set upthe multiplier, the collar 154 is formed with a groove into which fitsthe forked `end of a lever 180, which lever' is pivoted on a verticalpivot 181, (Fig. 10) to the side frame piece 103 said lever extendingforward to the i it the machine'where it is provided wit sn button orkey 182. The `forward and of this lever normally stands in a notch 183formed` in a iange 184 of the plate 166. The lever 186 is heldin itsnormal position, that is to say, in. its position for setting up a ableregistering mechanism in any one of a variety of ways. In the presentinstance these pinions are all journaled on a stationary rod 205, Figs.1 and 2. This rod passes through upstanding ears of the plates 115 asindicated in Fig. 9 and it is also mounted at its ends in plates 206secured as by screws 207, one to the left-hand one of the plates 115 andthe other to the left-hand guide plate 139 in the units section 100,Fig. 15.

Mounted in the same plates 206 is another rod or shaft 208 on which isjournaled a series of gear wheels 210 each meshing with one of thepinions 114 as shown in Fig. 9. As it is desirable in a multiplyingmachine that the register be in a step-by-step moving carriage, thesegears 210 are spaced uniformly apart across the machine as shown inFigs. 9 and 14. The gears 210 are of such size as to enable the registerto be set far enough toward the front of the machine so as never tointerfere with the operation of the racks 120. Each of said gears can beengaged by any suitable detent as 209, Fig. 2.

The register is mounted in a carriage 211 arranged to travel in a rightand left-hand direction on balls 212 running inv grooved race-ways insaid carriage and a stationary rail 213, which rait is mounted onbrackets extending toward the front of the machine and constitutingparts of the frame plates 103 and 104.

The carriage is drawn toward the left by means of a band 214, Fig.; 6,running over a spring drum 215 liournaled at 216 in brackets 217 of theframe plate 103, said band being connected. to a pin 218 extending downward from the carriage through a longitudinal slot in the stationaryrail 213.

The Carriage escapcment comprises a toothed bar 220, Figs. 13 and 14,having three teeth projecting toward the front of the machine from thecarriage and coperating with a two-toothed dog 221 pivoted at 222 to adog rocker 223 which is pivoted at 224 in brackets 225 of the frameplates 103 and 104:. The dog 221 is controlled by a spring 226 whichholds it in the normal position shown in 13, the motionA of the dogunder the impulse of said spring being limited by a tail 227 engagingthe arm of the dog rocker in this position the dog resists the motion ofthe carriage toward the left but it is adapted to yield about its pivot22 to allow the. carriage to be moved toward the right by hand. The dogrocker in operation is adapted to be swung up and down about its pivot224 and to be yieldingly held in either of its two positions by means ofa friction spring 228, Fig. 1, which presses against an arm of said dogrocker. Said dog has two teeth 230 and 231 spaced apart as seen in planView about half the distance from one of the teeth of the rack 220 tothe next, and the tooth 230 being in a lower plane, as seen in sideelevation, than the tooth 231. The tooth 230 is normally in engagement.as shown in Figs. 1 and 13. If the dog 221 be moved downward so as tobring the tooth 230 out of engagement with the rack, said rack will stephalf a tooth space before it is arrested by the tooth 231. lVhen the dogrocker is swung up again to normal position said tooth 231 passes out ofengagement with the rack, which rack thereupon makes said arm at itslower end is formed with a horizontal branch 233 which branch lies inthe path of an armor bracket 231 extending toward the left from theoperating handle 186. This handle has such an extent of motion as thatany one of the actuators 110 will have completed its greatest excursion,equivalent to twenty-five tooth spaces of the rack 106, a little beforesaid operating handle completes its forward motion. The operation of theracks 106 is therefore always linished a little before the operatinghandle completes its forward motion. The escapenient is operated by theextreme inal part of the motion of said handle and. therefore, after theracks 106 have completed their strokes. rhe effect of the forward strokeof the handle 186 is to depress the dog 221 which allows the carriage tomake half a step so that the register wheels then stand half way betweentwo of the wheels 210, with the result that said register wheels are outof mesh with said wheels 210 during the return stroke of the operatinghandle 186.

The motion of the dog rocker under the impulse of the handle v186, islimited by va stop consisting of an arm of one of the brackets 225, saidstop lying in the path of the branch 233 above described.

The return stroke of the dog rocker is effected by means of the handle172 at the extreme latter part of the return stroke of said handle. Tothis end the arm 232 of the dog rocker has pivoted thereto a link 236which at its rear end is pivoted to a bell-crank 237. pivoted on abracket 238 of the frame plate 103. Said hell-crank 237 has a forwardlydirected arm in position to be struck by the plate 166 at the end of thereturn stroke of said plate toward normal position. `It will be notedthat the return stroke of this plate. carrying with it the handles 164,moves the segments 120 toward 'the rear of the machine, the extreme inst

